ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
آموزش کارآفرینی در نظام آموزش عالی کشورهای منتخب
به علت نقش حیاتی کارآفرینی، برای بهبود و توسعه آن تلاش های بسیاری انجام شده است که مهم ترین آنها ارائه برنامه های آموزش کارآفرینی در دانشگاه ها و موسسات آموزشی کشورهای مختلف جهان می باشد. هدف پژوهش حاضر ، مطالعه تطبیقی آموزش کارآفرینی در نظام آموزش عالی کشورهای منتخب بود. سؤالات تحقیق با در نظر گرفتن انواع آموزش های کارآفرینی از نظر مکان، ساختار و آموزش دهندگان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق حاضر، تطبیقی کیفی مبتنی بر استفاده از رویکرد چهار مرحلهای بردی ، جامعه آماری شامل کلیه کشورهای جهان و نمونه پژوهش شامل کشورهای آمریکا، آلمان، هلند، فیلیپین و استرالیا می گردد که از طریق روش نمونه گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. روش جمع آوری داده ها، به صورت اسنادی و اعتبار اسناد از طریق ارزیابی درونی (صحت محتوا) و ارزیابی بیرونی (صحت مدرک) بررسی شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از روش کیفی تحلیل محتوا استفاده شد. یافته ها نشان می دهند که آموزش کارآفرینی در هر پنج کشور مورد مطالعه، عمدتا در نهادهای آموزشی انجام می گیرد تا محیط کار. در بعد انواع آموزش دهندگان (متخصصان رشته، متخصصان کارآفرینی و حالت ترکیبی)، بیشترین شباهت بین آمریکا، فیلیپین و آلمان مشاهده گردید. در بعد ساختار (تک درس، دوره و اعطای مدرک) شباهت بین کشورهای منتخب عمدتا معطوف به قالب تک درس و دوره بود. با توجه به یافته ها، مدل مناسب آموزش کارآفرینی در آموزش عالی ایران می تواند به صورت مدل تدوین درس (در قالب رشته، گرایش، میان رشته ای و تلفیقی) در کلیه رشته های دانشگاهی (علوم انسانی، مهندسی، علوم پایه، هنر و پزشکی) یا به صورت دانشگاه کارآفرین ارائه گردد.
https://journal.cesir.ir/article_137186_dd902f3f2159f6effbd0745b4bc21035.pdf
2021-09-01
1247
1261
10.22034/ijce.2021.137186
آموزش کارآفرینی
آموزش عالی
مدل کارآفرینی
کشورهای منتخب
حمید
رحیمی
dr.hamid.rahimi@kashanu.ac.ir
1
دانشیار گروه علوم تربیتی ، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی ، دانشگاه کاشان
LEAD_AUTHOR
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37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
مطالعه تطبیقی گفتمان چپ سنتی و چپ مدرن در نظام آموزشوپرورش ایران پس از انقلاب اسلامی
هدف از این پژوهش؛ تحلیل گفتمان- ایدئولوژی دولت جنگ با گرایش چپ سنتی و دولت اصلاحات با گرایش چپ مدرن و بررسی رویکرد آنها در راستای بازنمایی گفتمان خود از طریق نظام آموزشوپرورش میباشد. روش تحقیق تطبیقی کیفی است که با استفاده از روش تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی فرکلاف به توصیف، تفسیر و تبیین ماهیت و عناصر گفتمانی آموزشوپرورش در هر دو دوره تاریخی پرداخته است. یافته های پژوهش نشان داد دولتهای جنگ و اصلاحات در طی مدیریت اجرایی خود، برای کنترل، نظارت و دخالت در نظام آموزشی تلاش نموده و در موارد بسیاری با تأثیرگذاری بر فرایند تصویب قوانین و همچنین تولید محتوا و اصلاح محتوی کتب درسی در پی تحقق گفتمان فرهنگی- آموزشی مطلوب خود و بازنمایی نشانگان گفتمان مسلط از طریق نظام آموزشوپرورش بودهاند. هم چنین یافتههای تحقیق نشان میدهد ایدئولوژی اسلامی در نظام ارزشی هر دو گفتمان از اهمیت وافر برخوردار بوده است. نواندیشی دینی، مدرسه محوری و تربیت شهروندان دموکراتیک در گفتمان چپ مدرن در برابر سنتگرایی، تمرکزگرایی و تربیت شهروندانی متعهد و انقلابی در گفتمان چپ سنتی از اهم تفاوتهای رویکردی این گفتمانها در نظام آموزشی ایران در این دو دوره زمانی میباشد.
https://journal.cesir.ir/article_137193_8064d436dd757dfd595b607010ee80bc.pdf
2021-09-01
1262
1281
10.22034/ijce.2021.262668.1262
ایدئولوژی
دولت
گفتمان
چپ سنتی
چپ مدرن
سید بهروز
موسوی بهبید
behrouz_behbid@yahoo.com
1
دانشجوی دکتری، گروه جامعه شناسی سیاسی، واحد شوشتر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شوشتر، ایران.
AUTHOR
احمدعلی
حسابی
a.hesabi@iau-shoushtar.ac.ir
2
استادیار گروه جامعه شناسی سیاسی، واحد شوشتر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شوشتر، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
نبی اله
ایدر
ider62@yahoo.com
3
استادیار، گروه جامعه شناسی سیاسی، واحد شوشتر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، شوشتر، ایران.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
بررسی تطبیقی قراردادهای آموزشی : تحلیلی بر اراده یک جانبه موثر وخلاق در حقوق ایران وفرانسه
متاثر از کمبود نیروی انسانی ، بسیاری از مدارس غیردولتی ایران مجبور به انعقاد قراردادهای آموزشی با افراد مختلف به عنوان نیروی کار موقت شده اند . در حالی که این قراردادها عمدتا کوتاه مدت بوده برای جلوگیری از شکایت احتمالی استخدام شوندگان ، بسیاری از کارفرمایان آموزشی با تحمیل شرائطی که در قرارداد قید نشده از اراده یک جانبه موثر و خلاق این کارکنان بر علیه خود آنها سود می جویند . با توجه به اهمیت این موضوع از منظر حقوقی ، هدف تحقیق حاضر بررسی تطبیقی قراردادهای آموزشی با توجه به نقش اراده یک جانبه موثر وخلاق یکی ازطرفین قرارداد در نظام حقوقی ایران وفرانسه است. روش تحقیق حاضر تطبیقی کیفی بوده و برای جمع آوری داده ها از روش کتابخانه ای استفاده گردید. یافته های تحقیق نشان می دهد که در هر دونظام حقوقی، اراده خلاق وموثر طرفین قرارداد مورد پذیرش قرار گرفته است.هم چنین، در فرانسه اراده موثر و خلاق منوط به وقوع عقد و رضایت است در حالی که در ایران وقوع عقد برای صدور رای توسط قاضی کفایت می کند. دیگر یافته تحقیق نشان می دهد هنگام بروز اختلاف بین طرفین قرارداد ، در هر دو کشور تاکید اصلی قاضی برای اخذ تصمیم رجوع به اراده باطنی فرد است با این وجود در فرانسه فرد متعهد حق دارد در طی مدت قرار داد تعهدات یکجانبه مبتنی بر اراده خلاق و موثر خود را ملغی نماید در حالی که در نظام حقوقی ایران این موضوع امکان پذیر نیست. با توجه به یافته های تحقیق به نظر می رسد نظام حقوقی ایران عمدتا به نفع کارفرمایان آموزشی به صدور رای می پردازد. لذا پیشنهاد می گردد قانونگذاران ایرانی با توجه به شرائط اقتصادی و با بهره گیری از تجارب نظام حقوقی فرانسه نسبت به اصلاح قوانین مرتبط با تعهدات یکجانبه در روابط فیمابین کارفرما وکارکنان آموزشی اقدام نمایند.
https://journal.cesir.ir/article_137200_1ceb16c39f5223a17562156af64e725e.pdf
2021-09-01
1282
1299
10.22034/ijce.2021.261321.1254
قرارداد آموزشی
استخدام موقتی
تعهدات یکجانبه
اراده خلاق
رضایت
قاسم
فیروزی فر
ghasemfirozifar22@yahoo.com
1
دانشجوی دکتری گروه حقوق حقوق خصوصی و اسلامی، واحد قم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، قم، ایران
AUTHOR
محمد
صادقی
drmohamadsadegh1@yahoo.com
2
استادیار گروه حقوق، دانشگاه حضرت معصومه (س)، قم، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
سید مهدی
میرداداشی
seyedmahdimirdadashi1@yahoo.com
3
استادیار ، گروه حقوق خصوصی و اسلامی، واحد قم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قم، ایران
AUTHOR
Ahmadi Lashkai, Q. (2020). 640 thousand teachers will retire by 2025. Borna News Agency, January 9, available at: https://www.borna.news/, [in Persian]
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49
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
بررسی تطبیقی مبانی فلسفی اخلاق از دیدگاه برگسون و علامه طباطبایی و دلالت های تربیتی آن
برگسون و طباطبایی در زمره فیلسوفانی هستند که برای اخلاق اهمیت وافری قائل شده اند. در این پژوهش سعی شده است با بررسی مبانی فلسفی اخلاق از دیدگاه این دو فیلسوف همگرایی و ناهمگرایی نظرات آنان مشخص گردد. روش پژوهش از نوع تطبیقی کیفی با رویکرد استنتاجی و بهره گیری از رویکرد بردی برای ارائه یافته ها می باشد. یافته های تحقیق نشان میدهد که هر دو فیلسوف در ایمان به خدا شباهت دارند با این تفاوت که برگسون ، خدا را پیوسته در حال تغییر و تحول می بیند ولی از نظر طباطبائی ، خدا منزه از هر گونه تغییر و تحول است. همچنین در مبانی اخلاق ، تاکید هر دو فیلسوف بر شهود، اراده، آزادی و نگاه تحول گرایانه به هستی و انسان است ، اگرچه عمئتا تمرکز برگسون در اخلاق معطوف به شهود، زمان ، اراده و استمرار می باشد در حالی که از منظر طباطبائی ، اخلاق استوار بر فطرت است. در زمینه اهداف ،اصول و روش های اخلاقی نیز هر دو فیلسوف بر پرورش توانایی پایبندی به ارزش های اخلاقی و تعقل ، همزمانی پرورش اخلاق فردی با اخلاق اجتماعی و درونی سازی ارزش ها تاکید می ورزند. در خصوص هدف غایی تربیت ، برگسون بر پرورش انسان عقلانی – شهودی تاکید دارد در حالی که طباطبایی، هدف نهایی را رسیدن به سعادت و قرب الهی می داند. بررسی تطبیقی این دو دیدگاه می تواند حاوی دلالت های روشنی برای اعتلای تربیت اخلاقی در نظام آموزش و پرورش جمهوری اسلامی ایران باشد. طبق یافته ها ، پیشنهاد می شود در اسناد بالادستی نظام آموزشی ایران نظرات فیلسوفان غیر مسلمان - همچون برگسون - مورد توجه سیاست گزاران قرار گیرد.
https://journal.cesir.ir/article_137207_ccde2c8181f2b3c5231b86981ff7d331.pdf
2021-09-01
1300
1316
10.22034/ijce.2021.269727.1279
اخلاق
فلسفه
شهود
اراده
برگسون
طباطبایی
مجید
خاری آرانی
khari322_m@yahoo.com
1
دانشجوی دکتری ، گروه علوم تربیتی ، دانشگاه شاهد ، تهران
AUTHOR
اکبر
رهنما
rahnama_akbar43@yahoo.com
2
دانشیار ، گروه علوم تربیتی ، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران
LEAD_AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
مقایسه مفهوم وجود در آثار ژان پل سارتر و همینگوی با تاکید بر آراء تربیتی اگزیستانسیالیسم
فیلسوف فرانسوی ژان پل سارتر شاید ناخواسته بین فلسفه تربیت وادبیات پلی زد تا نشان دهد اگزیستانسیالیسم دنباله رو روش خشک سایر مکاتب فلسفی در ارائه ایده ها و مفاهیم بنیانی خود نیست. پیامد های اجتماعی جنگ جهانی دوم و انتظارات نسل جوان بعد از جنگ در اروپا نیز زمینه را برای ورود نظرات فلسفی فیلسوفان اگزیستانسیالیسم به ادبیات و علوم تربیتی هموارتر ساخت. ازسوی دیگر ، نویسندگان و ادیبان نیز علاقمند به مباحث فلسفی شده و ناخوداگاه آنها را در داستان های خود گنجانده اند. در این بین ، پیامدهای تربیتی ایده های اگزیستانسیالیست ها توجه فیلسوفان تربیتی را به هر دو حوزه فلسفه وادبیات جلب نمود . بر این اساس ، هدف محقق حاضر بررسی و مقایسه مفهوم وجود در آثار فیلسوف فرانسوی ژان پل سارتر و نویسنده امریکائی ارنست همینگوی با تاکید بر آراء تربیتی مکتب اگزیستانسیالیسم است. روش تحقیق حاضر ، تطبیقی کیفی با رویکرد فلسفی است. جامعه پژوهش شامل کلیه آثار دو نویسنده منتخب همراه با کتب ، مقالات و آثار مرتبط می باشد. نمونه تحقیق به صورت هدفمند انتخاب گردید و روش تحلیل داده ها ، تحلیل محتوی مضمونی است. یافته های تحقیق نشان داد بین آثار سارتر و همینگوی از لحاظ توجه به موضوعاتی همچون مفهوم وجود ، حق انتخاب و مسئولیت ، آزادی انسان ، و گرفتارهای روانی - همچون اضطراب و افسردگی - مشابهت وجود دارد. هم چنین یافته ها نشان داد که از منظر تربیت ، نگاه سارتر توام با بدبینی و نگرش همینگوی مبتنی بر خوشبینی است.
https://journal.cesir.ir/article_137220_804d009f0cc1c79987a48f3a8214380f.pdf
2021-09-01
1317
1328
10.22034/ijce.2020.232864.1160
وجود
هویت
فلسفه تربیت
همینگوی
سارتر
سعید
رحیمی پور
rahimipour@yahoo.com
1
استادیار دانشگاه فرهنگیان. گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی. رشته تحصیلی ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان
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Sartre, J.P. (2013). Nausea, Lloyd Alexander (Translator), New York: New Directions
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
مقایسه الگوهای تعلق خاطر کارکنان با تاکید بر منابع انسانی در سازمان های ایرانی
بسیاری ازسازمان ها با چالش وجود کارکنان با تعلق خاطر کاری پایین روبرویند. هدف پژوهش حاضر ، مقایسه الگوهای تعلق خاطر کارکنان با تاکید بر منابع انسانی در سازمان های ایران بود. روش تحقیق حاضر ، تطبیقی کیفی با رویکرد تحلیل محتوی جهت دار است . جامعه پژوهش شامل کلیه الگوهای تعلق خاطر کاری کارکنان و شیوه نمونه گیری هدفمند در دسترس می باشد. روش جمع آوری داده ها ، کتابخانه ای و روش تحلیل داده ها ، مقوله بندی قیاسی است. یافته های تحقیق نشان می دهد که بیشترین درجه تشابه بین مدل های تعلق خاطر کاری تاکید آنها بر مولفه های تعلق احساسی ، کیفیت کار ، امکان پیشرفت وپاداش ومزایا است. هم چنین از بین 14 مدل منتخب، حدود یک سوم آنها بر نقش مولفه هایی همچون رهبری موثر ، مشتری محوری ، و بهره وری در ایجاد تعلق خاطر شغلی تاکید ورزیده اند. یافته دیگر تحقیق مبین عدم توجه کلیه مدل های منتخب به نقش مولفه هایی همچون فرهنگ اجتماعی و سازمانی در تعلق خاطر کاری کارکنان است.با توجه به یافته های تحقیق به سیاست گزاران منابع انسانی در سازمان های دولتی وغیردولتی ایران پیشنهاد می گردد ضمن توجه به مولفه های مشترک در مدل های بین المللی تعلق خاطر کاری ، در فرایند طراحی مدل مناسب برای سازمان خود ، توجه به مولفه هایی همچون نقش فرهنگ اجتماعی و فرهنگ سازمانی را مدنظر قرار دهند.
https://journal.cesir.ir/article_137237_96735f50ae6dc1bb156b359cf3f74cbb.pdf
2021-09-01
1329
1348
10.22034/ijce.2021.256255.1236
تعلق خاطر شغلی
منابع انسانی
دلبستگی سازمانی
فرهنگ اجتماعی
سعید
ابریشمی راد
abrishami.rad@gmail.com
1
دانشجوی دکتری ، گروه مدیریت دولتی ، واحد قزوین ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، قزوین ، ایران
AUTHOR
مراد
کردی
kordi.145@gmail.com
2
استادیار ، گروه مدیریت دولتی ، دانشگاه پیام نور ، واحد کرج
LEAD_AUTHOR
طیبه
عباسی
t.abbasi@ut.ac.ir
3
استادیار ، گروه مدیریت ، دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
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Talent Keeper, (2015), The Perfect Storm: Employee Engagement, Extraordinary Customer Experience, & Solid Sales Performance, Available at: https://www.talentkeepers.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/The-Perfect-Storm_Engagement_Customer-Experience_Sales-Performance-2015.pdf
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Vanam S (2009) Job Engagement: Examining the Relationship with Situational and Personal Factors. M.S. Thesis, Department Of Psychology، San Jose State University, available at: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/145727594.pdf
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62
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
مقایسه ادراک دانشجویان دختر و پسر از یادگیری مشارکتی در رشته علوم تربیتی ومشاوره
در حالی که پژوهشگران به فواید بسیار یادگیری مشارکتی اشاره کرده اند مطالعات تطبیقی چندانی در این زمینه برحسب جنسیت و رشته تحصیلی انجام نشده است. در این مطالعه دو کلاس در رشته های علوم تربیتی و مشاوره در دانشگاه تهران انتخاب شد.هم چنین داده ها از طریق مصاحبه های غیر ساختاریافته جمع آوری و با استفاده از نرم افزار Atlas-ti تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. بررسی و تحلیل ادراکات دانشجویان از یادگیری مشارکتی چهار مقوله کیفیت یادگیری، مهارت های زندگی، محیط کلاسی و فرصت های بهبود را آشکار کرد. تقریباً همه دانشجویان نظرات مثبتی رویکرد یادگیری مشارکتی داشته و از آن رضایت داشتند. در این بین ، دانشجویان دختر به کیفیت یادگیری و دانشجویان پسر به فرصت های بهبود توجه بیشتری داشتند. علاوه بر این یافته ها نشان داد که میزان توجه شرکت کنندگان به کیفیت یادگیری در کلاس یادگیری مشارکتی بیش از دیگر کلاس ها بوده است. دیگر یافته تحقیق مبین آن بود که دانشجویان رشته مشاوره بیشتر از دانشجویان رشته علوم تربیتی به فرصتهای بهبود یادگیری توجه دارند. یافته های این مطالعه می تواند به توسعه حرفه ای اعضای هیئت علمی و هم چنین درک آنان در مورد یادگیری مشارکتییاری رساند. یافته های این مطالعه اعضای هیئت علمی را تشویق می کند تا چالش های کلاسی را به فرصتی برای بهبود تدریس تبدیل کنند.
https://journal.cesir.ir/article_137274_d9b45b16d0c872cd7b6cf7111f62e415.pdf
2021-09-01
1349
1366
10.22034/ijce.2021.279395.1297
محیط کلاس درس
یادگیری مشارکتی
انضباط
جنسیت
مهارتهای زندگی
کیفیت یادگیری
علی رضا
احمدی
alireza.ahmadi1349@gmail.com
1
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد ، گروه مدیریت و برنامه ریزی آموزشی ، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
محمدرضا
کرامتی
mkeramaty@ut.ac.ir
2
دانشیار ، گروه مدیریت و برنامه ریزی آموزشی ، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران
LEAD_AUTHOR
جواد
پورکریمی
jpkarimi@ut.ac.ir
3
استادیار ، گروه مدیریت و برنامه ریزی آموزشی ، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی ، دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
واکاوی نظریات فقه تربیتی و قوانین بین المللی در خصوص طفل شبیه سازی شده
طرفداران فقه تربیتی در ایران معتقدند می توان از اصول فقه در حوزه های مختلف علوم تربیتی و منجمله در روند تولد کودک سود جست. یکی از پدیده های جدید ، تولد کودک شبیه سازی شده و تبیین ابعاد و چالش های رفتاری و تربیتی این شیوه تولد است. هدف تحقیق حاضر، واکاوی نظریات فقیهان تربیتی و قوانین بین المللی در خصوص طفل شبیه سازی شده می باشد. روش تحقیق حاضر ، تطبیقی کیفی با رویکرد مرور سیستماتیک است. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه پژوهش هایی بود که در بازه زمانی 2020-2000 به چاپ رسیده اند . برای انتخاب نمونه تحقیق از راهبرد بولین و برای تحلیل داده ها ، از روش مرور سیستماتیک - رویکرد کیچن هام و چارترز - استفاده گردید . نخستین یافته تحقیق نشان می دهد بین نظرات دوگروه در هشت مولفه تفاوت و در پنج مولفه شباهت وجود دارد. پیامدهای غیرقابل پیش بینی شبیه سازی انسانی ، تهدید نظام خانواده ، توجه به حقوق کودک شبیه سازی شده وترجیح شبیه سازی درمانی بر شبیه سازی مولد وجوه اشتراک نظر فقهای تربیتی با قوانین سازمان های بین المللی را تشکیل می دهند . مواردی همچون بنیان ایدئولوژیک جایگاه انسان، منشاء حق سلامتی انسان ، بنیان ایدئولوژیک رضایت انسان برای شرکت در روند شبیه سازی یا دین فرد شبیه سازی شده عمدتا نشانگر اختلافات نظری بین دو گروه می باشد. هم چنین، یافته های تحقیق نشان می دهد فقیهان تربیتی در ایران بیش از مجامع بین المللی به موضوعاتی همچون توجه به نقش پدر ومادر ، رابطه با افراد محرم یا نامحرم ، و حقوق کودک شبیه سازی شده از نظر حق حضانت ، ارث و دیه بحث و جدل کرده اند. به نظر می رسد نظام های تربیتی همچون نظام های مذهبی و حقوقی خواه ناخواه باید خود را برای پذیرش کودکان شبیه سازی شده در محیط های آموزشی آماده سازند.
https://journal.cesir.ir/article_137285_e087a34fae10f4fe8c95fbb27c0c4dc2.pdf
2021-09-01
1367
1385
10.22034/ijce.2021.269684.1276
شبیه سازی انسان
فقه تربیتی
قوانین بین المللی
شبیه سازی درمانی
شبیه سازی مولد
فاطمه
حسین آبادی
fh_01711@yahoo.com
1
دانشجو دکتری،گروه حقوق، واحدگرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران
AUTHOR
محمد
غلامعلی زاده
m_gholamalizadeh1@yahoo.com
2
استادیار ، گروه حقوق ،دانشگاه پیام نور گلستان، ، گرگان، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
علی اکبر
اسمعیلی
hosinabadif11@gmail.com
3
استادیار، گروه حقوق، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران
AUTHOR
Abdur Rab, M. & Khayat, M.H. (2006). Human cloning: Eastern Mediterranean Region perspective, Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 12(2), 29-37
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Amir Hosseini, A. & Mobin, H. (2018). Examining the views of Shiite jurists on the legitimacy of human cloning and compliance with international documents, Religious Anthropology, 14 (40), 122- 101, [in Persian]
3
Arafi, A. (2016). The effects of jurisprudence on the educational system, Culture Strategy, 36, 131-113, [in Persian]
4
Arsanjani, M. (2006). Negotiating the UN Declaration on Human Cloning, American Journal of International Law, 100(1), 164-179
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Asgari Yazdi, A. & Mirzaei, M. (2017). Study and critique of human simulation from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence (Shia and Sunni), Jurisprudential Research, 13 (4), 795 to 815, [in Persian]
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European Union, (1998). Additional Protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being with regard to the Application of Biology and Medicine, on the Prohibition of Cloning Human Beings, Paris, available at: https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=09000016800ccde9
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Izadi Fard, A. A. Pirdahi Hajikal, A & Kavyiar, H. (2010). Jurisprudential Study of the Status of Pedigree in Human Simulation, Modares Journal of Humanities, 14 (2), [in Persian]
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Javaheri, H (2006). Embryonic Division and Simulation, Jurisprudence (New Exploration in Islamic Jurisprudence), 13(47), 81-108, [in Persian]
23
Jones, P. B.C. (2000). Funding of human stem cell research by the United States, Journal of Biotechnology, 3(1), available at: https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34582000000100003
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Kitchenham, B.A. & Charters, S. (2007). Guidelines for performing Systematic Literature Reviews in Software Engineering, EBSE Technical Report, EBSE-2007-01 Software Engineering Group School of Computer Science and Mathematics Keele University, available at : https://www.elsevier.com/__data/promis_misc/525444systematicreviewsguide.pdf
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Langlois, A. (2017). The global governance of human cloning: the case of UNESCO. Palgrave Communications, 3, available at: https://www.nature.com/articles/palcomms201719.pdf
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Lo, B. et al. (2010) Cloning mice and men: Prohibiting the use of iPS cells for human reproductive cloning. Cell Stem Cell; 6 (1): 16–20.
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Mameli M (2007) Reproductive cloning, genetic engineering and the autonomy of the child: The moral agent and the open future. Journal of Medical Ethics; 33 (2): 87–93.
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Masoudi, M. R. (2007) Intervention in the work of God: A look at the book of human simulation from the perspective of Catholicism and Islam, Religion News, 24/25, 103-105, [in Persian]
29
Mohaghegh Damad, M. & Dinparast, M. (2006). Islamic and Catholic responses to the challenge of simulation, Religion News, 19, 4-1, available at: http://ensani.ir/file/download/article/20120329121545-2134-280.pdf, [in Persian]
30
Mo'men, M. (2006), Simulation: It’s Types and Rulings, A New Exploration in Islamic Jurisprudence, 46, 16-23, [in Persian]
31
Moosa , E. (2003). Human Cloning in Muslim Ethics, Voices across Boundaries, 23-26, available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288875742_Human_cloning_in_Muslim_ethics
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Mousavi Bojnourdi, S, M. & Saqazadeh, A. (2010). ; "Simulation of Man from the Perspective of Religion", Theology Letter, 2(2), 27-38, [in Persian]
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36
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Nasrullah, R. Iqbal, K. BiBi, S. Muneer, BiBi, S. & Anwar, F.N. (2020). Ethical issues of human cloning, Journal of Medical Sciences, 40(3), 103-106
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Rahmanifard Sabzevari, A. & Nazari, F. (2018). Shiite jurists' views on human simulation, Studies of Imami Jurisprudence, 97 (10), 184-161, [in Persian]
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Ranjbarian, A, H. & Seif, Z. (2009). International law on human cloning, Law Quarterly, 39 (3), 191-165, [in Persian]
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Razi, M., & Khalifehpour, M. (2015). A comparative study of human simulation from the perspective of Shiite and Sunni jurisprudence, Legal Research Quarterly, 18 (71), 307-279, [in Persian]
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Sadeghi, M. (2004). Human Replication from the Perspective of the Religious Religions and Its Study from the Perspective of Islamic Jurisprudence, Comparative Law Research, 8 (3), 60-35, [in Persian]
45
Saed, M, J. (2004). Human Simulation in the Mirror of International Criminal Law: A Preliminary Consideration, Journal of Legal Information, 10, 35-13, [in Persian]
46
Seifi Qara Yataq, D., Khojasteh Mah Siah, K & Dehbashi, Z. (2016). Legal basis and provisions of child simulated alimony. Medical Law, 10 (37), 123-148, available at: https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=267074, [in Persian]
47
Shafique, S. (2020). Scientific and Ethical Implications of Human and Animal Cloning, International Journal of Science, Technology and Society, 8(1), 9-17
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Shapsay S (2012) Procreative liberty, enhancement and commodification in the human cloning debate, Health Care Analysis, 20 (4): 356–366.
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Tabatabai, M. S. & Mir Ahmadi, M. (2013). Investigation of the obligatory sentence of human simulation, Contemporary Legal Studies, 4 (7), 226-205, [in Persian]
50
Teymouri, M. (2004). A Study of International Human Rights Resources on Human Pseudomonas & Bioethics, Tehran: Samat Publications, [in Persian]
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Thompson, B., & Harrub, B. (2001). Human Cloning and Stem-Cell Research—Science’s Slippery Slope, available at: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/HUMAN-CLONING-AND-STEM-CELL-RESEARCH-%E2%80%94SCIENCE'S-I)-Thompson-Harrub/13fd6b96b76cc04b968bb942067944397fba9633
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56
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
تقیه به عنوان یک روش رفتاری در تربیت اسلامی : تطبیق نظرات موافق ومخالف
تقیه به معنای ابراز یا کتمان عقیده و عمل برخلاف نظر قلبى خود براى اجتناب از ضرر دینى یا دنیایى یکی از موضوعات فقهی است که دارای پیامدهای تربیتی است. هدف پژوهش حاضر ، بررسی تقیه به عنوان یک روش رفتاری در تربیت اسلامی ازطریق تطبیق نظرات موافق ومخالف از دو جنبه فقهی و تربیتی است. روش تحقیق حاضر ، تطبیقی کیفی با رویکرد تحلیلی – استنباطی است . محققان برای جمع آوری داده ها از روش کتابخانه ای شامل بررسی منابع اولیه ومنابع ثانویه و برای تحلیل داده ها از روش تحلیل کیفی مبتنی بر ثبت داده ها و تعیین مقوله ها بر اساس واحد " موضوع " سود جسته اند. یافته های تحقیق در بعُد فقهی نشان می دهد که فقیهان شیعه عمدتا طرفدار تقیه و علمای اهل تسنن با آن مخالف بوده اند. عمده ترین وجه تشابه موافقان ومخالفان تقیه ، توسل هر دو گروه به آیات قرآن و رفتار پیامبر و صحابه او ازطریق ارائه تفاسیر متفاوت است. یافته دیگر تحقیق نشان می دهد که از نظر موافقان ، در بسیاری از امور زندگی لزومی به مراجعه به تقیه نیست و نمی توان آن را به عنوان یک اصل رفتاری دائم مورد رجوع قرار داد. از نظر مخالفان تقیه ، در جهان معاصر و با توجه به تحولات جدید مبتنی بر رواج مکانیزم های قانونی در جامعه ، توسل به تقیه ضرورتی ندارد. وجه تشابه بین دو گروه موافقان ومخالفان تقیه ، توجه به تحولات مثبت همچون حقوق شهروندی وتحولات منفی همچون افزایش افراطی گری های مذهبی برای پذیرش یا رد تقیه است.
https://journal.cesir.ir/article_137287_31b6c4f217bbc6181ebede45fecd6dfa.pdf
2021-09-01
1386
1399
10.22034/ijce.2021.245392.1206
تربیت اسلامی
فقه امامیه
تقیه
تشیع
تسنن
عصمت
رمضانی مشکانی
esmatramezani@yahoo.com
1
دانشجوی دکتری ، رشته ی الهیات و معارف اسلامی گرایش فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)،اصفهان ،ایران
AUTHOR
احمد
باقری
drbagheri11@yahoo.com
2
استاد ، گروه فقه و حقوق اسلامی ، دانشگاه تهران
LEAD_AUTHOR
سیامک
بهارلوئی
drbaharloei@yahoo.com
3
استادیار ، گروه الهیات و معارف اسلامی گرایش فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)،اصفهان ،ایران
AUTHOR
Akbari, N; Mortazavi, S., M. & Akrami, A. (2019). Recognizing the characteristics of the narrations of political taqiyyah, Journal of Quran and Hadith Studies, 51 (2), 26-9, [in Persian]
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44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
مطالعه عوامل موثر بر ایجاد بحران مالی در دانشگاه های غیردولتی ایران و تدوین استراتژی مقابله با آن
در ایران دانشگاه های خصوصی و نیمه دولتی در سال های اخیر با چالش های متعددی روبرو شده اند. هدف تحقیق حاضر شناسایی عوامل موثر بر ایجاد بحران مالی در دانشگاه های غیردولتی و تدوین استراتژی مقابله با آن با تاکید بر وضعیت دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز می باشد. روش تحقیق حاضرآمیخته اکتشافی و ابزار جمع آوری داده ها در بخش کیفی ، مصاحبه نیمه ساختمند ودر بخش کمی ، پرسش نامه محقق ساخته بود. جامعه آماری برای بخش کیفی شامل رئیس ، معاونین و مدیران ستادی دانشگاه (به عنوان گروه خبره) می گردید که به شیوه نمونه گیری هدفمند(Targeted Sampling) 12 نفر انتخاب شدند. در بخش کمی تحقیق ، 350 نفر از اعضای هیات علمی و دانشجویان دانشگاه با استفاده از نمونه گیری طبقه ای نسبی بر گزیده شدند. ابزار گردآوری داده ها در این بخش پرسش نامه محقق ساخته بود. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از آزمون تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و تاییدی و برای تدوین استراتژی از نمودارهای علی حلقوی استفاده شد. یافته های تحقیق مبتنی بر دو سناریو استراتژی مقابله نشان داد در صورتی که ضریب بازنشستگی کارکنان دانشگاه افزایش داده شود ، روند صعودی هزینه های دانشگاه متوقف شده و سپس کاهش خواهد یافت. هم چنین با افزایش بودجه پژوهشی دانشگاه می توان باعث ارتقاء رتبه آن و افزایش نرخ جذب دانشجو شد. با توجه به یافته ها به برنامه ریزان دانشگاه های خصوصی و غیر دولتی پیشنهاد می گردد در یک برنامه زمانی کوتاه مدت ( 5 ساله) نرخ بازنشستگی کارکنان را افزایش دهند. هم چنین توصیه می گردد برای افزایش درآمد های پژوهشی، ارتباط بین دانشگاه با بخش صنعت و تجارت افزایش یابد.
https://journal.cesir.ir/article_137349_a45988d1869669018638b0c5dc01979c.pdf
2021-09-01
1400
1418
10.22034/ijce.2021.253525.1232
استراتژی؛ خصوصی سازی آموزش عالی
تنگناهای اقتصادی
کاهش نرخ دانشجو
ابراهیم
علی محمدی اصل
ebrahimalimohamadiasl@yahoo.com
1
دانشجوی دکتری ، گروه مدیریت ، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران
AUTHOR
علیرضا
بافنده زنده
bafandeh@iaut.ac.ir
2
دانشیار ، گروه مدیریت، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
هوشنگ
تقی زاده
drhooshangtaghizadeh1@yahoo.com
3
استاد، گروه مدیریت، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،تبریز،ایران
AUTHOR
Aithal, P.S. & Suresh Kumar, P.M. (2016). Opportunities and Challenges for Private Universities in India, International Journal of Management, IT and Engineering, 6(1), 88-113
1
Al Harthy, A.M.A. (2011). Private Higher Education in the Sultanate of Oman: Rationales, Development and Challenges, PhD Dissertation, UK; University of Kassel
2
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