Comparative Education Society of Iran ( CESIR) Iranian Journal of Comparative Education 2588-7270 8 4 2025 11 22 A Comparative Study of Design Standards of Educational Spaces in Primary Schools of Iran and Finland مقایسه استانداردهای طراحی فضاهای آموزشی مدارس ابتدایی در ایران و فنلاند 3878 3904 236018 10.22034/ijce.2025.373979.1451 EN Maryam Ansary .Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-4852-4375 Journal Article 2022 11 29 <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">The significance of educational spaces is widely acknowledged. The physical environment of schools has a direct impact on the students' learning processes and development. The purpose of study was to compare the design standards of educational spaces in primary schools in Iran and Finland. The research method was qualitative and comparative. The data collection method was documentary, and Bereday's approach was used for data analysis. The sampling strategy was based on selecting different social system and educational outcome. In this comparison, criteria such as per-capita educational space, classroom and school areas, number of pupils, and design of educational spaces were considered. The findings showed that the per capita educational space in Iran is approximately 2 m², while in Finland, it ranges from 11 to 13 m². In fact, Finland's per capita educational space is six times that of Iran. In Iran, the average number of students in a classroom is 24 to 30, while in Finland, it is 20 students. Additionally, the average classroom area in Iran is approximately 8 m², and in Finland it is 20 m². Also, Finnish educational spaces are more suitable than those in Iran in terms of speed, flexibility of space, and adaptability. According to the research findings, in order to increase the use of educational spaces, designing walls for recreational and educational purposes, flexibility of space according to the needs, facilitating the movement of learners and creating active learning environments have been suggested.</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;">اهمیت</span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span dir="LTR" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';"> </span></strong><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;">استانداردهای</span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span dir="LTR" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';"> </span></strong><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;">فضاهای</span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span dir="LTR" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';"> </span></strong><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;">آموزشی</span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span dir="LTR" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';"> </span></strong><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;">بر</span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span dir="LTR" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';"> </span></strong><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;">هیچ</span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">‌</span></strong><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;">کس</span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span dir="LTR" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';"> </span></strong><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;">پوشیده</span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span dir="LTR" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';"> </span></strong><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;">نیست. محیط</span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span dir="LTR" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';"> </span></strong><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;">فیزیکی</span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span dir="LTR" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';"> </span></strong><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;">مدارس</span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span dir="LTR" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';"> </span></strong><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;">تأثیر</span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span dir="LTR" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';"> </span></strong><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;">مستقیمی</span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span dir="LTR" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';"> </span></strong><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;">بر</span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span dir="LTR" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';"> </span></strong><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;">فرآیندیادگیری</span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span dir="LTR" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';"> </span></strong><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;">و</span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span dir="LTR" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';"> </span></strong><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;">رشد</span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span dir="LTR" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';"> </span></strong><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;">دانش</span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">‌</span></strong><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;">آموزان</span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span dir="LTR" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';"> </span></strong><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;">دارد. هدف مقاله حاضر، مقایسه استانداردهای طراحی فضاهای آموزشی مدارس ابتدایی در ایران و فنلاند است. روش پژوهش کیفی و به شیوه ی مقایسه‌ای انجام شد. روش جمع آوری اطلاعات، اسنادی و از رویکرد جرج برودی برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها استفاده شد. استراتژی انتخاب نمونه، نظام های اجتماعی مختلف و برون دادهای آموزشی متفاوت بود. در مقایسه استانداردهای طراحی فضاهای آموزشی دوره ابتدایی ایران و فنلاند، معیارهایی همچون سرانه فضای آموزشی، مساحت کلاس و مدرسه، تعداد دانش آموزان و نیز طراحی فضاهای آموزشی از نظر مبلمان فضاهای بسته و باز آموزشی</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;"> در نظرگرفته شد. </span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;">یافته ها نشان داد که سرانه فضای آموزشی ایران تقریبا 2 متر مربع به ازای هر دانش آموز و<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>در فنلاند بین 11 تا 13 متر است. در واقع سرانه فضای آموزشی فنلاند 6 برابر ایران است. در ایران میانگین تعداد دانش­آموزان در کلاس های درس 24 تا 30 نفر و در فنلاند به20 نفر می رسد. میانگین مساحت کلاس ها در ایران تقریبا 8 مترمربع و در فنلاد 20 مترمربع است. همچنین فضاهای آموزشی فنلاند نسبت به ایران، از نظر سرعت انعطاف پذیری فضا و تطبیق پذیری مناسبتر است. درنتیجه به منظور افزایش کاربری فضاهای آموزشی ایران، راهکارهایی از قبیل طراحی دیوارها در راستای اهداف تفریحی و آموزشی، انعطاف پذیری فضا متناسب با نیازها و سهولت حرکت فراگیران، و ایجاد فضاهای فعال پیشنهاد شده است.</span> https://journal.cesir.ir/article_236018_478014023f399deae34ea12643b31228.pdf