مطالعه‌ی تطبیقی توانش ارتباطی بینا فرهنگی در کتب زبان انگلیسی دبیرستان‌های ایران و هندوستان

نوع مقاله : Original Article

نویسنده

استادیار، گروه زبان وادبیات انگلیسی ، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران

چکیده

به نظر می‌رسد که نویسندگان کتب درسی آموزش زبان انگلیسی نه تنها به پرورش توانش ارتباطی بلکه به تقویت توانش ارتباطی بینا‌فرهنگی نیز علاقه‌مند شده‌اند. این تغییر در اهداف آموزشی، در راستای تغییر در نیاز زبان‌آموزان به یادگیری زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان بین‌المللی بوده و بدین معنی است که آنان زبان انگلیسی را به عنوان زبان دوم یا زبانی بیگانه نمی‌نگرند. اگرچه، مطالعات متعددی برای ارزیابی محتوای فرهنگی کتب زبان انگلیسی دوره متوسطه در ایران انجام شده است اما تلاش چندانی برای بررسی توانش بینا‌فرهنگی از منظرتطبیقی به‌عمل نیامده‌است. با در نظر گرفتن اهمیت کتاب‌های درسی بومی در ایران و هند به لحاظ توزیع و استفاده گسترده از آن‌ توسط دانش‌‌آموزان ، محقق حاضر کوشید تا از دیدگاه تطبیقی و براساس توانش ارتباطی بینا فرهنگی - که بر آگاهی انتقادی و مهارت‌های اکتشافی و تعاملی تاکید می‌ورزد - ، کتب درسی زبان انگلیسی دبیرستان‌های هند (استاندارد انگلیش) و ایران (پراسپکت و ویژن) را مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار دهد. برای تحلیل داده ها از روش تحلیل محتوا استفاده و محتوای 12 کتاب درسی منتخب مورد بررسی قرارگرفت . سپس نمونه‌های مرتبط با مولفه‌های توانش ارتباطی بینا فرهنگی شناسایی، طبقه‌بندی و مورد بحث و بررسی قرار گرفتند. یافته های تحقیق نشان داد مولفان کتب استاندارد انگلیش به‌طور محدود به آموزش توانش ارتباطی بینا فرهنگی – بویژه به آگاهی انتقادی فرهنگی - ، توجه کرده اند  در حالی که در کتب پراسپکت و ویژن به این موضوع  چندان بها داده نشده است

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